The gender equality presented in (2) – (5) occurs only in known recipients and only in a few conservative dialects. In other dialects, the formal/colloquial distinction has been lost and the gender form, historically used exclusively among formal recipients, is used for all second-person recipients (Alberdi 1995).1 In addition, some northern and eastern dialects also mark concordance with non-thematic formal recipients, which are invariant for sex, as in (6) (Oyharçabal 1993); Alberdi 1995). The discussion that follows will disregard these forms and will instead focus on informal convergences that will be witnessed over a wider range of dialects. In addition, in many contemporary dialects, correspondence with male interlocutors is more widely used than feminine forms. Many younger spokespeople with intuitions about male concordance forms have no intuition about female forms. The following examples are therefore mainly male forms. In a recent work, Miyagawa (2012; 2017) analyzes the Basque morphine morpheme as a reflex of an agree relationship between a versatile probe and a silent shearer morpheme, Fused into the characteristics of the higher projection related to the vocal act, S (peech)A (ct)P. Based on a structure initially proposed by Haegeman & Hill (2013), Miyagawa compares the structure in which the responders are brought closer to a highly apprehensive structure. in which the spokesperson is parallel to the agent, the recipient of the applied recipient and the CP on the subject. The versatile probe is fused into C and after lifting at the head of the SA c-commanding the Hearer morpheme, probes and corresponds to the latter.
This proposal is set out in (42). From the point of view of Miyagawa`s proposal, the allocutive morpheme in Basque could be considered as a kind of “voctive convergence”. In other words, given the existence of vocative cases in natural language and from the point of view of approaches to fall and harmony as various morphological manifestations of an agree operation, one imagines that vocal concordance could also manifest itself openly in human language. Such an approach may be appropriate for other allocutive languages, but, for reasons that need to be clarified shortly, it is not well placed to model the Basque facts presented above. (See Portner et al., for appearance, for such an approach to a class of honorable morphemes in Korean.) 2An expert indicates that to/no can occur in contexts where they are not plausible/allocutive pronouns, but a little closer to a presenting marker (Zanuttini 2017). In such cases, it does not need to be done with an overall agreement. In (i), the finite verb in the root clause does not accept an overall agreement. The results of ANOVA for the handling of persons are summarized in Table 4. Accuracy, RTs, and natural ratings all showed a major compliance effect, with lower accuracy (10.5 points difference), slower RTs (340 ms difference), and higher natural ratings (3.31 points difference) for matching items. These results are presented in Figure 3. Pearson product moment coefficients were calculated for subject results between tasks.
RT was correlated with natural assessments [r = 0.30, p = 0.03], but there was no precision relationship [r = -0.22, p = 0.10]. We examined the impact of the recipient`s gender on the treatment of Basque allocutative agreements. The conversations in Hika were carried out with two rigged factors: congruence (sex address congruent or incongruous with a concoctive verb) and allocumerary (masculine or feminine verb concoctive). Basque morphosyntic treatment has been the subject of experimental experiments, including overrealization of people and numbers, word sequence, and ambiguous resolution (Erdocia et al., 2009); Zawiszewski and Friederici, 2009; Santesteban et al., 2013; Zawiszewski et al., 2016; But to our knowledge, this study is the first experimental study of allocutivity.